Ukutholakala kwamavithamini kwakungenye yezinto ezinkulu ezatholwa ekhulwini le-19. Ngo-1897, u-Ekman wathola e-Java ukuthi ukudla ilayisi elimhlophe elicolisisiwe kuphela kungabangela i-beriberi, kuyilapho irayisi elinsundu elingagayiwe lingaselapha lesi sifo. Waphinde wathola ukuthi into ekwazi ukwelapha i-beriberi ingakhishwa ngamanzi noma ngotshwala, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, le nto yayibizwa ngokuthi "amanzi{4}}e-soluble B." Ngo-1906, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukudla kuqukethe "ama-cofactors" ngaphezu kwamaprotheni, i-lipids, ama-carbohydrate, usawoti wezinto ezingaphili, namanzi. Lezi zici zikhona ngamanani amancane kodwa zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezilwane. Ngo-1911, uCasimir Funke wahlonza ama-amine njengezinto eziserayisi elinsundu ezingalwa ne-beriberi. Izakhiwo zabo zifana nalezo ezitholakala ekudleni, futhi eziningi zazo ziyi-coenzymes. Ngo-1906, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukudla kuqukethe "ama-cofactors" ngaphandle kwamaprotheni, i-lipids, ama-carbohydrate, usawoti wezinto ezingaphili, namanzi. Lezi zikhona ngamanani amancane kodwa zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezilwane. Ngo-1911, uCasimir Funke wathola ama-amine njengezinto eziserayisini elinsundu ezilwa ne-beriberi; izakhiwo zabo kanye nokusabalalisa ekudleni kuyafana, futhi iningi liyi-coenzymes.
Amavithamini ayizinto ezibalulekile ekugcineni i-metabolism evamile kanye nokugcina imisebenzi eyisisekelo yomzimba. Amavithamini ahlukaniswa ngamafutha-amavithamini ancibilikayo namanzi{2}}ancibilikayo. Amafutha-amavithamini ancibilikayo ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amavithamini A, D, E, kanye no-K, kuyilapho amavithamini amanzi{5}}ancibilikayo ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi amavithamini B kanye novithamini C. Amavithamini ahlukene anemithombo yokudla ehlukene.
Amafutha-amavithamini ancibilikayo:
1. I-Vitamin A: Igcwele amafutha esibindi se-cod, izitho zezilwane, nebhotela. Emifino nezithelo, igcwele utamatisi, izaqathe, ubhatata, ubhanana, amawolintshi namapentshisi. Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin A kungase kuholele ebumpumputheni ebusuku.
2. I-Vitamin D: Igcwele izikhupha zamaqanda, imikhiqizo yobisi, nemvubelo. I-Vitamin D ilawula ibhalansi ye-calcium ne-phosphorus, ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha nokuvimbela ama-rickets kanye ne-osteoporosis.
3. I-Vitamin E: Igcwele amaqanda, amafutha emifino, nokunye ukudla, iyi-antioxidant enamandla futhi ingasiza ekwelapheni izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
4. Uvithamini K: Njengoba ugcwele isipinashi, iklabishi, nokunye ukudla, uvithamini K usiza kakhulu ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kokujiya kwegazi.
Amanzi-amavithamini ancibilikayo:
1. Amavithamini B: Inyama engenamafutha kanye nobhontshisi wesoya kunothe ngovithamini B1. I-Vitamin B2, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-riboflavin, igcwele izikhupha zamaqanda, isibindi, izinso, izinkalankala zasemfuleni, imvubelo, izimila zasolwandle kanye ne-broccoli. I-Vitamin B3 itholakala imvubelo, okusanhlamvu, isibindi, kanye ne-rice bran. I-Vitamin B4 itholakala ngamanani aphezulu amaqanda, ubuchopho bezilwane, ubhiya, i-malt, ne-soy lecithin. I-Vitamin B5 igcwele imvubelo, okusanhlamvu, isibindi, nemifino. I-Vitamin B6 igcwele imvubelo, okusanhlamvu, isibindi, amaqanda, nemikhiqizo yobisi. I-Vitamin B9 igcwele imifino eluhlaza kanye nesibindi. I-Vitamin B12 igcwele esibindini, enhlanzini, emaqandeni, nasemaqanda edada. Amavithamini B adlala indima ekugcineni isimiso sezinzwa nokugaya ukudla.
2. Uvithamini C: Ugcwele izithelo nemifino emisha, njengamawolintshi, amakiwi, utamatisi, upelepele, amakhabe ababayo, ukholifulawa, nekale. I-Vitamin C ingathuthukisa imithambo yegazi futhi ihlanganyele ekukhipheni ubuthi.